Two of UConn Physics Department’s undergrads, Rachel Cleveland and Nicholas Thiel-Hudson, have been recently selected as part of the 2024 cohort of UConn University Scholars! These students were selected based on the strength of their proposal. Graduation as a University Scholar recognizes a student’s extraordinary engagement with self-reflective learning and research or creative endeavors.
After years of disuse, the UConn Observatory, featuring a 16-inch optical telescope, is coming back into service. Physics faculty member Matt Guthrie, a driving force behind this rejuvenation effort spoke with UConn Today about the benefits offered by the Observatory both to students and to the community.
On October 14, 2023 40-50 members and friends of the UConn Physics department took part in the 51’st annual ascent up Mount Monadnock, near Jaffrey, New Hampshire. After the hike, the then-hungry hikers descended to the campground near Gilson Pond and enjoyed some well-earned refreshments.
The University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, is proud to announce that on October 20, 2023, Gérard Mourou, professor and member of Haut Collège at the École Polytechnique and A. D. Moore Distinguished University Professor Emeritus at the University of Michigan and 2018 Nobel Prize winner, will be presenting the 25th Distinguished Katzenstein Lecture.
About 20% of UConn students are supported by the Center for Students with Disabilities. The true percentage of students who need help is even higher. With so many students who require diverse ways of learning, how can faculty make sure their teaching is adequate, effective and inclusive for all students? In order to address this […]
Dr. Jaspreet Singh Randhawa, Los Alamos National Laboratory
Title: Nuclear reaction studies to decode the observations from neutron stars in binary systems
Abstract: Neutron stars are ideal astrophysical laboratories to test theories of dense matter physics as they may exhibit most exotic forms of matter, and are pivotal in driving nucleosynthesis in various explosive astrophysical environments; e.g X-ray binaries, neutron star mergers. Breath-taking multi-messenger observations of explosive astronomical events are generating exciting new challenges for nuclear physics and force a rethinking of old paradigms. For X-ray binaries, surface nuclear burning proceeds through extremely proton-rich nuclei powering the X-ray bursts, whereas in neutron star mergers nucleosynthesis proceeds through very neutron-rich nuclei. Therefore, to understand the energy generation and nucleosynthesis in these extreme environments, new nuclear data on very exotic nuclei is required, e.g. nuclear reaction rates or detailed nuclear structure/properties of exotic nuclei. Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB), a newly developed world’s leading radioactive ion beam facility, will provide an unprecedented access to the very exotic proton-rich and neutron-rich nuclei. In this talk, I will highlight the need for new nuclear physics data to decode observations from X-ray binaries and neutron star mergers, and how FRIB is opening up a new window to explore the most exotic nuclei on earth, to provide much-needed data to facilitate model-observation comparison of various astrophysical environments. I will present the new results from on-going reaction studies at FRIB, and will discuss planned measurements, which will help us to answer some of the most important questions in nuclear astrophysics.
Title: Probing Proton’s Identity using the Electron-Ion Collider
Abstract:
The Electron-Ion Collider, being constructed at the Brookhaven National Lab, is the “dream machine” for nuclear physics studies for the upcoming decades. The diverse capability in the accelerator design offers physicists a unique opportunity to study quark and gluon structures within nucleons and nuclei. Furthermore, the production and detection of the rare isotopes is a possibility.
In this seminar, we will dive into two examples of many creative ways to use the EIC. 1. Probing the proton’s identity (baryon number), and determining who carries the baryon number within its wavefunction: gluon? quark? Both? 2. EIC can collide the electron beam on an ion beam with any atomic mass, could we use it to create and study the rare isotope (via eA collision) to complement the low-energy studies at FRIB?
Title: Relativistic mass densities: from the light front to generalized parton distributions
Abstract: The dynamical generation of mass is one of the most fascinating aspects of quantum chromodynamics. Partonic imaging allows us to probe where this generated mass is, and to break it down into contributions from quarks and gluons. In particular, imaging gives us access to generalized parton distributions, which provide a relativistic three-dimensional picture of the proton’s internal structure, in terms of two spatial dimensions and a momentum faction x. In this talk, I examine how the light front provides a means of rigorously describing spatial distributions for relativistic systems (such as the proton), how the energy-momentum tensor provides distributions of energy and momentum, and how x-weighted moments of generalized parton distributions give us the most promising empirical means of accessing the mass distribution in the proton. I will review challenges in empirically accessing the GPDs, as well as ongoing efforts to address these challenges.
Dr. François Légaré, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Energy Materials Télécommunications center
Ultrafast IR/mid-IR laser technologies and their applications at ALLS
The Advanced Laser Light Source (ALLS) is a unique user facility located at INRS-EMT (Varennes, Canada) counting on 40M CDN$ of investment since 2002. Since 2019, this facility has jointed the LaserNetUS network and is now funded as a national research infrastructure by the Canada Foundation for Innovation – Major Science Initiatives. These fundings ease access to the facility for academic and government users. In the first part of my talk, I will give an overview of the facility’s capabilities including the most powerful laser in Canada with 750 TW. In the second part, I will discuss novel approaches developed by my team for the generation of ultrashort pulses in the IR and mid-IR spectral range. This includes multidimensional solitary states in hollow core fibers [1,2] as well as using the frequency domain optical parametric amplification for the generation of tunable CEP stable mid-IR laser pulses [3,4]. Pulse characterization in the mid-IR spectral range will be presented [5]. Finally, I will present recent results on the generation of high-dose MeV electrons from tight focussing in air [6].
References
[1] R. Safaei, G. Fan, O. Kwon, K. Légaré, P. Lassonde, B. E. Schmidt, H. Ibrahim, and F. Légaré (2020), High-energy multidimensional solitary states in hollow core fiber, Nature Phot. 14, 733-739.
[2] L. Arias, A. Longa, G. Jargot, A. Pomerleau, P. Lassonde, G. Fan, R. Safaei, P. Corkum, F. Boschini, H. Ibrahim, and F. Légaré, Few-cycle Yb laser source at 20 kHz using multidimensional solitary states in hollow-core fibers, Opt. Lett. 47, 3612-3615 (2022).
[3] A. Leblanc, G. Dalla-Barba, P. Lassonde, A. Laramée, B. Schmidt, E. Cormier, H. Ibrahim, and F. Légaré (2020), High-field mid-infrared pulses derived from frequency domain optical parametric amplification, Opt. Lett. 45, 2267-2270.
[4] G. Dalla-Barba, G. Jargot, P. Lassonde, S. Tóth, E. Haddad, F. Boschini, J. Delagnes, A. Leblanc, H. Ibrahim, E. Cormier, and F. Légaré, Mid-infrared frequency domain optical parametric amplifier, Opt. Express 31, 14954-14964 (2023).
[5] A. Leblanc, P. Lassonde, S. Petit, J.-C. Delagnes, E. Haddad, G. Ernotte, M. R. Bionta, V. Gruson, B. E. Schmidt, H. Ibrahim, E. Cormier, and F. Légaré (2019), Phase-matching-free pulse retrieval based on transient absorption in solids, Opt. Express 27, 28998.
[6] S. Vallières, J. Powell, T. Connell, M. Evans, M. Lytova, F. Fillion-Gourdeau, S. Fourmaux, S. Payeur, P. Lassonde, S. MacLean, and F. Légaré, High Dose-Rate MeV Electron Beam from a Tightly-Focused Femtosecond IR Laser in Ambient Air (2024), Laser Photonics Rev. 18, 2300078.
François Légaré is a chemical physicist who specializes in developing novel approaches for ultrafast science and technologies, as well as biomedical imaging with nonlinear optics (Ph.D. in chemistry, 2004 – co-supervised by Profs. André D. Bandrauk and Paul B. Corkum). Full professor (2013 - …) at the Energy Materials Telecommunications center of the Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS-EMT), he was the director of the Advanced Laser Light Source (ALLS) until 2023. Since 2022, he is the director of the INRS-EMT center and CEO of ALLS. Under his scientific leadership, INRS has received in 2017 a grant of 13.9M CDN$ from the Canada Foundation for Innovation and the Quebec government, with 11.9M CDN$ to upscale the ALLS facility with high average power Ytterbium laser systems and advanced instrumentation for time-resolved material characterization. He is a Fellow and senior member of OPTICA and Fellow of the American Physical Society. He is a member of The College of New Scholars, Artists and Scientists of the Royal Society of Canada (2017). He was awarded the Herzberg medal from the Canadian Association of Physics in 2015 and the Rutherford Memorial Medal in physics of the Royal Society of Canada in 2016. He has contributed to about 200 articles in peer reviewed journals including prestigious ones such as Nature, Science, Nature Photonics, Nature Physics, Nature Communications, and Physical Review Letters. According to Google Scholar, his h-index is 59 with more than 13,000 citations.
High Power Commercial Laser Markets and Applications
Abstract: Ubiquitous and familiar applications for lasers include telecom data transmission, laser surgery (LASIK), information processing (DVD/Blue Ray), supermarket scanners, laser pointers and a multitude of laser sensing applications (LIDAR, range finders, facial recognition, etc.). Sophisticated laser technology is also well-recognized as a key, enabling research tool.
Perhaps less well known are the “unsung” commercial applications and markets for higher power lasers. Often out of public view, these laser applications drive diverse and massive commercial markets and are supported by extensive industry-based research and development investments. And are generating increasingly abundant STEM based career opportunities.
The presentation will highlight the laser technologies and applications used in materials processing to mark, engrave, cut, and join everything from shoe leather to sheet metal. Also covered are laser applications supporting the manufacturing of microelectronics-based consumer technology, enabling higher performing devices and ever larger displays. The laser technology and developments that support emerging Directed Energy military applications will be also be reviewed.
Bio:
Andrew Held has recently retired as Senior Vice President of Coherent’ s Aerospace and Defense business. Andrew has over 30 years’ experience in General Business Management, Research, Sales and Marketing of lasers and photonics into a broad range of markets and applications. He received his B.S. in Chemistry and Ph.D. in Laser Spectroscopy from the University of Pittsburgh and was an Alexander von Humboldt Research Fellow at the Technical University in Munich.
I will discuss experiments and calculations that demonstrate long lived electronic coherences in molecules using a combination of measurements with shaped octave spanning ultrafast laser pulses, 3D velocity map imaging and calculations of the light matter interaction. Our pump-probe measurements prepare and interrogate entangled nuclear-electronic wave packets whose electronic phase remains well defined despite vibrational motion along many degrees of freedom. The experiments and calculations illustrate how coherences between excited electronic states survive even when coherence with the ground state is lost, and may have important implications for light harvesting, electronic transport and attosecond science.
A new platform for quantum science: programmable arrays of single atoms inside an optical cavity.
Recently, programmable arrays of single atoms have emerged as a leading platform for quantum computing and simulation with experiments demonstrating control over hundreds of atoms [1]. Interfacing an atom array with a high-quality optical cavity promises even greater control and new capabilities. By coupling atoms to an optical cavity, we can more efficiently collect light from each atom improving detection. In addition, an optical cavity can be used to efficiently entangle many atoms in a single step relying on a novel technique called counterfactual carving [2]. I will describe our progress towards the goal of detecting and correcting errors on a register of Rubidium atoms selectively coupled to a large-waist optical cavity. Beyond detecting errors, applying corrections requires real-time feedback, and I will present a simple experiment demonstrating that fast feedback on microsecond timescales can already improve measurement fidelity. Finally, I will describe our accidental realization that we can use our cavity to directly observe collisions between pairs of trapped atoms in real time.
Fully Consistent NLO Calculation of Forward Single-Inclusive Hadron Production in Proton-Nucleus Collisions
We study the single-inclusive particle production from proton-nucleus collisions in the dilute-dense framework of the color glass condensate (CGC) at next-to-leading order (NLO) accuracy. In this regime, the cross section factorizes into hard impact factors and dipole-target scattering amplitude describing the eikonal interaction of the partons in the target color field. For the first time, we combine the NLO impact factors with the dipole amplitude evolved consistently using the NLO Balitsky-Kovchegov (BK) equation with the initial conditions fitted to HERA structure function data.
The resulting neutral pion cross section with all parton channels included are qualitatively consistent with the recent LHCb measurement. In particular, the NLO evolution coupled to the leading order impact factor is shown to produce a large Cronin peak that is not visible in the data, demonstrating the importance of consistently including NLO corrections to all the ingredients. Furthermore, the transverse momentum spectrum is found to be sensitive to the resummation scheme and the running coupling prescription in the BK evolution. This demonstrates how additional constraints for the initial condition of the BK evolution can be obtained from global analyses including both the HERA and LHC data. In light of the upcoming upgrades to the LHC, the dependence of our results on rapidity will also be discussed.
Dr. Jim Zickefoose and Dr. Gabriela Ilie, Senior Scientists, Physics Division, Mirion Technologies, Meriden CT
Mirion Technologies – Connecting Academia and Industry
Mirion Technologies is a world leader in the development and supply of nuclear instrumentation and supporting software. To accomplish its goals and objectives, Mirion has a diverse team of physicists holding various levels of degrees. In this seminar we will show our paths from graduate studies to joining Mirion, emphasizing how the skills we gained during our academic journeys have contributed or have been beneficial to our professional development in industry. Furthermore, we will highlight Mirion Technologies’ general areas of interest as well as revealing some interesting applications where we have partnered with academia.
Speakers’ bio:
Gabriela is the Product Line Manager for Specialty Detectors and a Senior Application Scientist at Mirion Technologies, focused on developing custom high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector solutions for challenging and unique applications. She joined Mirion in 2012 (formerly Canberra Industries) as a physicist and has worked on a variety of projects offering physics support and doing validation and testing for different products. Gabriela has a Ph.D. in Experimental Nuclear Physics from the University of Cologne, Germany. Before joining Mirion, Gabriela held a Postdoctoral Research position at Yale University where she helped maintain and use a large array of HPGe Clover detectors for nuclear physics measurements and experiments. In the last few years, she has played an active role in promoting new technologies that help customers select the best radiation detection and instrumentation for their applications.
Jim Zickefoose is a Sr. Scientist and R&D Physics Manager at Mirion Technologies in Meriden CT. In these roles he concentrates on driving new technology development across the various Mirion divisions and incorporating those technologies in new or existing products. He joined Mirion in 2010 directly after earning a PhD in physics from the University of Connecticut with a concentration in experimental nuclear astrophysics. During his PhD research Jim studied carbon fusion reactions at accelerator facilities in Caserta, Italy and Bochum, Germany. Prior to his time at UConn Jim earned an Honors Degree in physics from the University of Adelaide.
Note: coffee and cookies at 3:00 outside the lecture room.